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What is Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the ability of the blood to clot normally. It primarily affects males, as it is linked to the X chromosome. People with hemophilia have low levels or absence of clotting proteins (factors) in their blood, leading to prolonged bleeding after injuries or spontaneously in severe cases.
There are two main types: Hemophilia A (deficiency of factor VIII) and Hemophilia B (deficiency of factor IX). Severity ranges from mild to severe, depending on the level of clotting factors.
- Approximately 1 in 5,000 males worldwide are born with hemophilia.
- It can be inherited or occur due to spontaneous mutations.
- Early diagnosis and proper treatment can lead to a normal life expectancy.
Key Facts About Hemophilia
Genetics
Inherited X-linked recessive disorder. Females are carriers, but rarely symptomatic; males are primarily affected.
Severity Levels
Mild (<5% factor), Moderate (1-5%), Severe (<1%). Severity determines bleeding frequency and treatment needs.
Management
Factor replacement therapy, prophylactic treatment, and lifestyle adjustments to prevent and treat bleeds.
History and Global Impact
Hemophilia was first documented in medical literature in the 19th century. Notable cases include its presence in royal families of Europe, leading to the nickname “Royal Disease.”
Today, hemophilia affects about 400,000 people worldwide, with India having a significant population among the estimated cases. Advances in treatment, including recombinant factors and gene therapy, have greatly improved quality of life.
The World Federation of Hemophilia plays a crucial role in global advocacy, education, and improving access to care, especially in developing countries.
Get Involved
Support hemophilia awareness and research by connecting with organizations like the Hemophilia Federation of India or the World Federation of Hemophilia.